同学们，同一句话，放在不同时间点上，动词就变了——这就是时态。
🕐 习惯/事实
I get up at 6 every day.
我每天6点起床。
🕑 正在发生
I am reading a book now.
我现在正在看书。
🕒 已经完成
I have finished my homework.
我已经完成了作业。
🕓 过去的事
I visited Beijing last year.
我去年的这个时候去了北京。
🔄 被动
The window was broken by the storm.
窗户被暴风雨打破了。
📌 两件事
英语动词有时态（什么时候做）和语态（主动还是被动）。今天一起搞定！
1
I usually ______ (get) up at 6:30.
getgotwill get
✅ usually → 一般现在时 → get！
❌ usually 表习惯 → 一般现在时！
2
She ______ (visit) her grandma last Sunday.
visitsvisitedhas visited
✅ last Sunday → 一般过去时 → visited！
❌ last Sunday 是过去时间 → 一般过去时！
3
There ______ (be) a football match tomorrow.
iswill bewas
✅ tomorrow → 一般将来时 → will be！
❌ tomorrow 是将来的标志 → will be！
4
Be quiet! The baby ______ (sleep).
sleepsis sleepinghas slept
✅ Be quiet! → 此刻正在发生 → 现在进行时！
❌ Be quiet 提示"此刻" → 现在进行时！
5
He ______ (work) here since 2018.
worksworkedhas worked
✅ since 2018 → 现在完成时 → has worked！since+过去时间=完成时标志！
❌ since 2018 是现在完成时的标志词 → has worked！
6
English ______ (speak) all over the world.
speaksis spokenwas spoken
✅ 英语"被说" → 被动！事实/真理用一般现在 → is spoken！
❌ English 不能自己说自己 → 被动语态！事实用一般现在。
7
The bridge ______ (build) in 1998.
builtwas builtis built
✅ 桥"被建"+ 1998年 → 一般过去被动 → was built！
❌ in 1998 是过去时间 + 桥是被建的 → was built！
8
The meeting ______ (hold) next Monday.
heldwill be heldis held
✅ next Monday 将来 + 会议被举行 → will be held！
❌ next Monday 将来 + 被动 → will be held！
9
The invitation ______ already ______ (send).
has been sentwas sentwill be sent
✅ already + 被动 → 现在完成被动 → has been sent！
❌ already 是完成时标志 + 被动 → has been sent！
1
My father ______ (go) to work by bike every day.
goeswentis going
✅ every day → 一般现在 → goes（三单）！
❌ every day + 三单主语 → goes！
2
I ______ (watch) TV when he came in.
watchedwas watchinghave watched
✅ when he came（过去点）+ 正在看 → 过去进行 → was watching！
❌ when 从句表过去某一时刻 → 主句用过去进行！
3
Paper ______ (invent) by Cai Lun in ancient China.
inventedwas inventedis invented
✅ 纸"被发明" + 古代 → 过去被动 → was invented！
❌ 纸是被蔡伦发明的 + 过去 → was invented！
4
China ______ (be) a member of WTO since 2001.
iswashas been
✅ since 2001 → 现在完成 → has been！"从2001年到现在一直是"。
❌ since + 过去时间 → 现在完成时标志！
5
I ______ (not see) him for three years.
didn't seehaven't seenwon't see
✅ for three years → 现在完成 → haven't seen！for+时间段=完成时标志。
❌ for three years 时间段 → 完成时！
6
The work ______ (finish) in two days.
finishedwill be finishedhas been finished
✅ in two days 将来 + 被动 → will be finished！
❌ in two days = 两天后（将来）+ 工作被完成 → will be finished！
7
Listen! Someone ______ (clean) the room next door.
cleansis cleaninghas cleaned
✅ Listen! 提示此刻正在发生 → 现在进行 → is cleaning！
❌ Listen! → 此刻正在做 → 现在进行时！
8
They ______ (not go) to the park yesterday because of the rain.
don't godidn't gohaven't gone
✅ yesterday → 一般过去 → didn't go！
❌ yesterday 是明显的过去时间！
9
By the time I arrived, he ______ already ______ (learn) 1000 words.
learnedhad learnedhas learned
✅ "在我到达之前已经学完" → 过去的过去 → 过去完成 had learned！
❌ arrived 是过去，"之前已经" → 过去的过去 → had learned！
10
Many vegetables ______ (grow) in Shandong Province.
groware growngrew
✅ 蔬菜"被种植" + 事实 → 一般现在被动 → are grown！
❌ vegetables 不能自己种自己 → 被动！
11
So far, we ______ (see) three English films in class.
sawhave seenwill see
✅ So far → 现在完成 → have seen！so far=迄今为止。
❌ So far 是完成时标志 → have seen！
12
My car ______ (repair) at the moment.
repairsis being repairedhas been repaired
✅ at the moment 此刻 + 车被修 → 现在进行被动 → is being repaired！
❌ at the moment = 此刻 + 被动 → is being repaired！
易错1 · have gone vs have been
He is not here. He ______ (go) to Beijing.
has gonehas been
✅ "人不在这" → has gone（去了还没回来）！has been = 去过已回来。
❌ "人不在这里"说明去了还没回 → has gone！has been 表示去过已返回。
易错2 · 不及物动词无被动
The accident ______ (happen) yesterday.
happenedwas happened
✅ happen 是不及物动词，没有被动语态！yesterday → 过去 → happened！
❌ happen 是不及物动词 → 不能用于被动语态！was happened 是错的！
易错3 · 主将从现
I will tell you when he ______ (come) back.
comeswill come
✅ when 从句中，用一般现在时代替将来 → comes！主将从现！
❌ when 引导的时间状语从句，不用将来时 → comes！
易错4 · 短暂动词≠完成时+时间段
His grandfather ______ (die) for ten years.
has diedhas been dead
✅ die 是短暂动词，不能和 for ten years 连用 → has been dead（状态）！
❌ die 是一瞬间的动作，不能持续十年 → 用 be dead 表状态！
2024 · 新高考 I 卷
The Great Wall ______ (build) over 2000 years ago.
builtwas builthas been built
✅ over 2000 years ago 过去 + 被动 → was built！
❌ 过去时间 + 长城被建 → was built！
2023 · 新高考 I 卷
In recent years, people's living conditions ______ greatly ______ (improve).
improvedhave improvedwill improve
✅ In recent years → 现在完成 → have improved！
❌ In recent years 是完成时标志！
2023 · 全国甲卷
Chinese ______ (speak) by more people than any other language.
speaksis spokenwas spoken
✅ 事实 + 被动 → is spoken！汉语"被说"。
❌ 汉语是被说的 + 客观事实 → is spoken！
2022 · 新高考 II 卷
When I got to the station, the train ______ already ______ (leave).
lefthad lefthas left
✅ "到车站时火车已走" → 过去的过去 → had left！
❌ got 是过去，"火车离开"更早 → 过去的过去 → had left！
2022 · 全国乙卷
The policy ______ (introduce) to protect the environment in 2020.
introducedwas introducedis introduced
✅ in 2020 过去 + 政策被推行 → was introduced！
❌ in 2020 过去 + 被动 → was introduced！