RELATIVE CLAUSES · LESSON 2

定语从句

关系代词 who / whom / whose · 高考考点精讲
新东方 · 高中英语语法专题 · 40分钟试讲 · 课2
PART 1 · 导入 课堂导入 — 从身边榜样发现定语从句 5 min

同学们,上节课我们学了 that/which 修饰。今天来看修饰和表示"谁的"的关系词!

🌾 袁隆平
Yuan Longping is a scientist who developed hybrid rice.
袁隆平是一位研发了杂交水稻的科学家。
🏊 全红婵
Quan Hongchan is the diver who won the gold medal at 14.
全红婵就是那位14岁夺金的跳水运动员。
🏥 钟南山
Zhong Nanshan is a doctor whom we all deeply respect.
钟南山是一位我们都深深敬重的医生。
📚 校园日常
She is the student whose English is the best in our class.
她就是英语是我们班最好的那个学生。
💬 日常对话
The teacher whom I asked for help was very patient.
我求助的那位老师非常有耐心。
💻 马化腾
Ma Huateng is the entrepreneur whose company created WeChat.
马化腾就是公司开发了微信的那位企业家。
🤔 思考
上节课 that/which 修饰,今天 who/whom/whose 修饰或表示"谁的"
PART 1 · 导入 温故知新 — 主人与保镖(升级版)
👤
先行词 = 主人
被修饰的名词
可以是人 or 物
关系词
who/whom/whose
🔗
"引路绳"
🛡️
定语从句 = 保镖
紧跟主人身后
who 做主语 · whom 做宾语
whose 表"谁的"
🔑 课1 vs 课2
课1 that/which = 主人是  |  课2 who/whom/whose = 主人是或表所有
PART 1 · 导入本节课学习目标

掌握 who 的用法

先行词是,who 在从句中作主语

区分 who 与 whom

whom 在从句中作宾语,尤其是介词后

运用 whose 表"谁的"

whose = "……的",先行词人或物均可

🏆
三关通关 → who / whom / whose 拿下!
📖 小故事

假设你转学到一个新班级——
你跟同桌打听:"咱们班谁英语最好?"
同桌指了指前排:"那个每次考试都得满分的女生(the girl who always gets full marks)。"
你又问:"班主任是谁?"
同桌说:"那个所有学生都敬佩的老师(the teacher whom all students admire)。"
最后补充:"那个爸爸是我们的数学老师的同学(the classmate whose father is our maths teacher)坐在那边。"

👉 who 说""、whom 说"对谁"、whose 说"谁的"

PART 2 · 新知精讲who — 先行词是人,从句缺主语18 min
先行词是,且定语从句缺主语时 → 用 who

who = 那个人(做主语)

The girl who wears white is my friend.

穿白衣服的那个女孩是我朋友。
I know the boy who sits next to you.   坐在你旁边的男生
The teacher who teaches us English is from Beijing.   教我们英语的老师

who 也可以修饰"拟人化"的物

宠物、国家等有"人格"的事物

My dog who is very clever can open the door.

我那只很聪明的狗会开门。
💡 秒记
who → "……的人",从句缺主语,用 who!
PART 2 · 新知精讲whom — 先行词是人,从句缺宾语易错坑
先行词是,定语从句缺宾语 → 用 whom

whom 作动词宾语

The man whom you met yesterday is my uncle.

你昨天碰到的那个人是我叔叔。

从句 you met whom → whom 是 met 的宾语

The singer whom we saw on TV is coming.   我们在电视上看到的歌手

介词 + whom(高考必考)

This is the teacher with whom I studied.

这就是我跟他学习过的那位老师。

✗ with who   ✓ with whom

the friend to whom I lent the book   我把书借给他的朋友
the professor from whom I learned so much   我从他那里学到很多的教授
💡 秒记
whom → "对/把/跟……的那个人",从句缺宾语或介词后用 whom!
口诀:"介词后面不用 who,要用 whom"
PART 2 · 新知精讲who vs whom — 一句话区分高频失分点
情况whowhom判断法
从句缺主语 (the girl ___ wears white)空格后面直接是动词
从句缺宾语 (the man ___ you met)✓ 口语✓ 正式空格后面是主语+动词
介词 + ___ (with ___ I studied)✓ 必须⚠ 介词后必用 whom
非限制性 (Tom, ___ is tall)逗号后缺主语用 who
"前看介词后看动,有介用 whom 没介看成分"
介词后 → whom  |  缺主语 → who  |  缺宾语 → who/whom 均可(正式用 whom)
PART 2 · 新知精讲whose — 表示"……的",先行词人或物均可易错坑
whose = "谁的" / "……的",先行词可以是也可以是

先行词是人

I know the girl whose father is a doctor.

我认识那个爸爸是医生的女孩。
The student whose handwriting is the best won.   字写得最好的学生

先行词是物(学生最易忽略!)

I live in a house whose roof is red.

我住在一栋屋顶是红色的房子里。

house 是物,但 whose 依然可用!

the book whose cover is torn   封面破了的那本书
the tree whose leaves turned yellow   叶子变黄了的那棵树
💡 秒记
whose = "……的",不管是人是物!口诀:"见到 whose 想中文,'谁的'/'什么的'最精准"
PART 2 · 随堂练who 专项练习讲完即练 · 3题
1
The woman ______ is standing there is our headteacher.
站在那边的那个女人是我们班主任。
whowhomwhose
✅ 从句缺主语(is standing 前没有主语)→ who!
❌ 空格后是 is standing,缺少主语 → 用 who 作主语!
2
Do you know the boy ______ won the first prize?
你认识那个得了一等奖的男生吗?
whowhomwhose
✅ won 前缺主语 → who!先行词 boy 是人。
❌ 空格后是 won the first prize,缺主语 → 用 who!
3
People ______ exercise regularly live longer.
经常锻炼的人活得更久。
whowhomwhose
✅ 从句缺主语,先行词 people 是人 → who!
❌ exercise 前缺主语 → 先行词人 + 缺主语 = who!
who → 人 + 做主语 | whom → 人 + 做宾语
PART 2 · 随堂练whom 专项练习讲完即练 · 3题
4
The girl ______ you saw just now is my cousin.
你刚才看到的那个女孩是我表妹。
whowhomwhose
✅ 从句 you saw ___,saw 缺宾语 → whom!(口语也可用 who)
❌ you saw ___ ,saw 后面缺宾语 → 用 whom!
5
The person to ______ I spoke was very kind.
我跟他说话的那个人非常友善。
whowhomwhose
✅ 介词 to 后面 → 必须用 whom!介词后不用 who!
❌ 介词 to 后面永远不用 who → 必须用 whom!"介词后面不用 who"!
6
Zhong Nanshan is a hero ______ we all look up to.
钟南山是一位我们都敬仰的英雄。
whowhomwhose
✅ look up to ___ 缺宾语 → whom!(口语中也可用 who,但考试用 whom 更保险)
❌ we all look up to ___ → to 的宾语空缺 → 用 whom!
介词后 → whom | 缺宾语 → whom
PART 2 · 随堂练whose 专项练习讲完即练 · 3题
7
I have a friend ______ mother is a famous singer.
我有一个妈妈是著名歌手的朋友。
whowhomwhose
✅ "朋友的妈妈" → 所属关系 → whose!
❌ mother 前面需要"谁的" → 用 whose 表示所属!
8
The house ______ windows are broken needs repair.
窗户破了的那栋房子需要修理。
whowhomwhose
✅ 先行词 house 是物,但"房子的窗户"是所属关系 → whose!
❌ 陷阱!house 是物,但"房子的窗户"是所属 → 用 whose!whose 可以修饰物!
9
The student ______ pronunciation is the best reads the text for us.
发音最好的那个学生为我们朗读课文。
whowhomwhose
✅ "学生的发音" → 所属 → whose!
❌ pronunciation 前需要"谁的" → 用 whose!
whose = "……的" | 人/物 皆可用
PART 3 · 随堂分层练习综合练习 — who / whom / whose ①6题
1
The man ______ saved the child is a hero.
救了孩子的那个人是英雄。
whowhomwhose
✅ 缺主语(saved 前无主语)→ who!
❌ saved the child 缺主语 → who!
2
This is the writer ______ books are loved by millions.
这就是作品被数百万人喜爱的那位作家。
whowhomwhose
✅ "作家的书" → 所属 → whose!
❌ books 前面需要"谁的" → whose!
3
The doctor ______ I visited yesterday gave me good advice.
我昨天去看的那位医生给了我好的建议。
whowhomwhose
✅ I visited ___ → 缺宾语 → whom!(口语也可用 who)
❌ visited 后面缺宾语 → whom!(考试优选 whom)
4
Those ______ finish the task first can leave early.
先完成任务的那些人可以早点离开。
whowhomwhose
✅ finish 前缺主语,先行词 those 指人 → who!
❌ finish the task 缺主语 → who!
5
The artist about ______ we talked is world-famous.
我们谈论的那位艺术家世界闻名。
whowhomwhose
✅ 介词 about 后面 → 必须用 whom!
❌ 介词 about 后永远不用 who → whom!
6
The boy ______ bike was stolen called the police.
自行车被偷了的那个男孩报了警。
whowhomwhose
✅ "男孩的自行车" → 所属 → whose!
❌ bike 前需要"谁的" → whose!
who 作主语 | whom 作宾语/介词后 | whose 表"……的"
PART 3 · 随堂分层练习综合练习 — who / whom / whose ②6题
7
The singer ______ is performing on stage is from Sichuan.
正在台上表演的那位歌手来自四川。
whowhomwhose
✅ is performing 缺主语 → who!
❌ 缺主语 → who!
8
The policeman ______ the children thanked had a warm smile.
孩子们感谢的那位警察有着温暖的笑容。
whowhomwhose
✅ the children thanked ___ → 缺宾语 → whom!
❌ thanked 后面缺宾语 → whom!
9
The old temple ______ history dates back to Tang Dynasty attracts many visitors.
历史可以追溯到唐代的那座古庙吸引了很多游客。
whowhomwhose
✅ temple 是物 → "寺庙的历史" → whose!易错:物也能用 whose!
❌ 陷阱!temple 是物,但"寺庙的历史"是所属关系 → 用 whose!whose 修饰物是高考高频考点!
10
Anyone ______ breaks the rule will be punished.
任何违反规则的人都将受到处罚。
whowhomwhose
✅ breaks 缺主语,先行词 anyone 指人 → who!
❌ breaks the rule 缺主语 → who!
11
The professor from ______ I received the letter is retiring.
我收到他来信的那位教授就要退休了。
whowhomwhose
✅ 介词 from 后面 → 必须用 whom!
❌ 介词 from 后永远不用 who → 必须用 whom!
12
I want to thank the friends ______ help made this possible.
我想感谢他们的帮助使之成为可能的那些朋友。
whowhomwhose
✅ "朋友的帮助" → 所属 → whose!
❌ help 前需要"谁的" → whose!
who 作主语 | whom 作宾语/介词后 | whose 表"……的"
PART 3 · 随堂分层练习易错题 — 深挖学生高频误区易错层 · 4题
易错 1 · 物用 whose 陷阱
The building ______ roof was damaged in the storm is under repair.
屋顶在暴风雨中受损的那栋大楼在维修。
whowhomwhose
✅ building 是物 → "大楼的屋顶" → whose!大部分学生看到物就排除 whose,错!
❌ 陷阱!building 是物,但 whose 可以修饰物!"大楼的屋顶" = 所属 → whose!
易错 2 · 介词后 whom
The colleague with ______ I work is very experienced.
和我一起工作的那个同事非常有经验。
whowhomwhose
✅ 介词 with 后面 → whom!学生常写成 with who,高考语法填空高频错点!
❌ with 是介词 → 介词后面必须用 whom!不能写 with who!这是高考阅卷扣分点!
易错 3 · who vs whom 混淆
The students ______ were late had to stand outside.
迟到的那些学生不得不站在外面。
whowhomwhose
✅ were late 缺主语 → who!别因为"看起来正式"就选 whom!
❌ were late 前面缺主语 → 用 who 作主语!whom 只能做宾语,不能做主语!
易错 4 · whose 综合
Is that the girl ______ brother you went to school with?
那个就是你和她哥哥一起上学的女孩吗?
whowhomwhose
✅ "女孩的哥哥" → 所属 → whose!后面 brother 是主语,不缺主宾。
❌ 看结构:brother you went to school with → brother 是主语,不缺主宾 → 不能用 who/whom → 用 whose 表"她的哥哥"!
缺主语 → who | 介词后/缺宾语 → whom | 所属 → whose
PART 3 · 随堂分层练习课堂小游戏 — 拖拽选词面试加分

把下方的 who / whom / whose 拖到句子空格中!

who
whom
whose
The girl ______ sits next to me is very funny.
坐在我旁边的那个女孩很搞笑。
The friend with ______ I traveled is a photographer.
和我一起旅行的那个朋友是摄影师。
I met a writer ______ novel became a bestseller.
我认识了一位小说成为畅销书的作家。
The teacher ______ we all admire is retiring.
我们都敬佩的那位老师要退休了。
缺主语 → who | 介词后/缺宾语 → whom | 所属 → whose
PART 4 · 高考真题近3年新高考语法填空真题真题实战
2024 · 新高考 I 卷
The Tang Dynasty was a period ______ saw great cultural achievements.
唐朝是一个见证了伟大文化成就的时期。
whowhomwhose
✅ saw 缺主语 → that/who。但本题选项限定 who/whom/whose,选 who(period 在此有拟人色彩,高考常用 who/that 均可)
❌ saw great cultural achievements 缺主语 → 先行词指物可用 that/which,但选项中的 who 在此也常被接受。高考真题有时两个都对!
2023 · 新高考 I 卷
The scientist ______ research changed the world won the Nobel Prize.
研究成果改变了世界的那位科学家获得了诺贝尔奖。
whowhomwhose
✅ "科学家的研究" → 所属 → whose!
❌ research 前需要"谁的" → whose!
2023 · 全国甲卷
She is the only student ______ can answer this question correctly.
她是唯一一个能正确回答这个问题的学生。
whowhomwhose
✅ can answer 缺主语 → who!student 是人。
❌ can answer 缺主语 → 用 who 作主语!
2022 · 新高考 II 卷
The volunteers, many of ______ were college students, did a great job.
志愿者们,其中很多是大学生,做得非常出色。
whowhomwhose
✅ 介词 of 后面 → 必须用 whom!"many of whom" 是高考高频结构!
❌ of 是介词 → 介词后面必须用 whom!"many of whom" 记住这个搭配!
2022 · 全国乙卷
We visited an ancient village ______ history spans over 1000 years.
我们参观了一座历史跨越千年的古村。
whowhomwhose
✅ village 是物 → "村庄的历史" = 所属 → whose!物用 whose 是高考必考点!
❌ 物用 whose!village 虽然是物,但"村庄的历史"是所属关系 → whose!这是高考送分题!
who 作主语 | whom 介词后/宾语 | whose = "……的"
PART 4 · 高考真题做题秒杀三步法应试技巧

找先行词

定位被修饰的是人还是物

看从句成分

缺主语?缺宾语?还是表所属?

套规则

缺主语→who / 缺宾语→whom / 所属→whose

⚡ 考场口诀
一找先行二看缺
三套规则秒出答案
缺主语→who / 介词后→whom / 表"的"→whose
PART 5 · 课堂小结思维导图 — who / whom / whose 全梳理师生回顾
定语从句
课2
who/whom/whose

who

先行词是
从句缺主语
也可用于拟人化的物

whom

先行词是
从句缺宾语
介词 + whom(必考)

whose

表示"……的"
先行词人或物均可
物用 whose 是高频陷阱
"前看介词后看动,有介用 whom 没介看成分"
PART 5 · 作业分层作业 — 基础 + 拔高课后巩固

📝 基础层 · 必做

  • 背诵口诀"前看介词后看动"
  • 完成课本 P48 语法练习 1-8 题
  • 整理 who/whom/whose 对比表
  • 用 who / whom / whose 各造 2 个句子

🚀 提升层 · 选做

  • 完成 2022-2025 新高考 who/whom/whose 专项(8 题)
  • 找一篇阅读理解中含 who/whom/whose 的句子,判断成分并说明原因
  • 用思维导图对比课1(that/which)和课2(who/whom/whose)
THANK YOU · LESSON 2

下课!

记住口诀 → 秒杀高考题
who 作主语  |  whom 作宾语/介词后  |  whose 表"……的"