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RELATIVE CLAUSES · LESSON 2
定语从句
关系代词 who / whom / whose · 高考考点精讲
新东方 · 高中英语语法专题 · 40分钟试讲 · 课2
同学们,上节课我们学了 that/which 修饰物 。今天来看修饰人 和表示"谁的" 的关系词!
🌾 袁隆平
Yuan Longping is a scientist who developed hybrid rice .中
袁隆平是一位研发了杂交水稻的 科学家。
🏊 全红婵
Quan Hongchan is the diver who won the gold medal at 14 .中
全红婵就是那位14岁夺金的 跳水运动员。
🏥 钟南山
Zhong Nanshan is a doctor whom we all deeply respect .中
钟南山是一位我们都深深敬重的 医生。
📚 校园日常
She is the student whose English is the best in our class .中
她就是英语是我们班最好的那个 学生。
💬 日常对话
The teacher whom I asked for help was very patient.中
我求助的那位 老师非常有耐心。
💻 马化腾
Ma Huateng is the entrepreneur whose company created WeChat .中
马化腾就是公司开发了微信的那位 企业家。
🤔 思考
上节课 that/which 修饰物 ,今天 who/whom/whose 修饰人 或表示"谁的" !
1
The woman ______ is standing there is our headteacher.中
站在那边的那个 女人是我们班主任。
who whom whose
✅ 从句缺主语(is standing 前没有主语)→ who!
❌ 空格后是 is standing,缺少主语 → 用 who 作主语!
2
Do you know the boy ______ won the first prize?中
你认识那个得了一等奖的 男生吗?
who whom whose
✅ won 前缺主语 → who!先行词 boy 是人。
❌ 空格后是 won the first prize,缺主语 → 用 who!
3
People ______ exercise regularly live longer.中
经常锻炼的 人活得更久。
who whom whose
✅ 从句缺主语,先行词 people 是人 → who!
❌ exercise 前缺主语 → 先行词人 + 缺主语 = who!
who → 人 + 做主语
|
whom → 人 + 做宾语
4
The girl ______ you saw just now is my cousin.中
你刚才看到的那个 女孩是我表妹。
who whom whose
✅ 从句 you saw ___,saw 缺宾语 → whom!(口语也可用 who)
❌ you saw ___ ,saw 后面缺宾语 → 用 whom!
5
The person to ______ I spoke was very kind.中
我跟他说话的那个 人非常友善。
who whom whose
✅ 介词 to 后面 → 必须用 whom!介词后不用 who!
❌ 介词 to 后面永远不用 who → 必须用 whom!"介词后面不用 who"!
6
Zhong Nanshan is a hero ______ we all look up to.中
钟南山是一位我们都敬仰的 英雄。
who whom whose
✅ look up to ___ 缺宾语 → whom!(口语中也可用 who,但考试用 whom 更保险)
❌ we all look up to ___ → to 的宾语空缺 → 用 whom!
介词后 → whom
|
缺宾语 → whom
7
I have a friend ______ mother is a famous singer.中
我有一个妈妈是著名歌手的 朋友。
who whom whose
✅ "朋友的妈妈" → 所属关系 → whose!
❌ mother 前面需要"谁的" → 用 whose 表示所属!
8
The house ______ windows are broken needs repair.中
窗户破了的 那栋房子需要修理。
who whom whose
✅ 先行词 house 是物,但"房子的窗户"是所属关系 → whose!
❌ 陷阱!house 是物,但"房子的窗户"是所属 → 用 whose!whose 可以修饰物!
9
The student ______ pronunciation is the best reads the text for us.中
发音最好的那个 学生为我们朗读课文。
who whom whose
✅ "学生的发音" → 所属 → whose!
❌ pronunciation 前需要"谁的" → 用 whose!
whose = "……的"
|
人/物 皆可用
1
The man ______ saved the child is a hero.中
救了孩子的那 个人是英雄。
who whom whose
✅ 缺主语(saved 前无主语)→ who!
❌ saved the child 缺主语 → who!
2
This is the writer ______ books are loved by millions.中
这就是作品被数百万人喜爱的 那位作家。
who whom whose
✅ "作家的书" → 所属 → whose!
❌ books 前面需要"谁的" → whose!
3
The doctor ______ I visited yesterday gave me good advice.中
我昨天去看的那位 医生给了我好的建议。
who whom whose
✅ I visited ___ → 缺宾语 → whom!(口语也可用 who)
❌ visited 后面缺宾语 → whom!(考试优选 whom)
4
Those ______ finish the task first can leave early.中
先完成任务的那些 人可以早点离开。
who whom whose
✅ finish 前缺主语,先行词 those 指人 → who!
❌ finish the task 缺主语 → who!
5
The artist about ______ we talked is world-famous.中
我们谈论的那位 艺术家世界闻名。
who whom whose
✅ 介词 about 后面 → 必须用 whom!
❌ 介词 about 后永远不用 who → whom!
6
The boy ______ bike was stolen called the police.中
自行车被偷了的那个 男孩报了警。
who whom whose
✅ "男孩的自行车" → 所属 → whose!
❌ bike 前需要"谁的" → whose!
who 作主语
|
whom 作宾语/介词后
|
whose 表"……的"
7
The singer ______ is performing on stage is from Sichuan.中
正在台上表演的那位 歌手来自四川。
who whom whose
✅ is performing 缺主语 → who!
❌ 缺主语 → who!
8
The policeman ______ the children thanked had a warm smile.中
孩子们感谢的那位 警察有着温暖的笑容。
who whom whose
✅ the children thanked ___ → 缺宾语 → whom!
❌ thanked 后面缺宾语 → whom!
9
The old temple ______ history dates back to Tang Dynasty attracts many visitors.中
历史可以追溯到唐代的那座 古庙吸引了很多游客。
who whom whose
✅ temple 是物 → "寺庙的历史" → whose!易错:物也能用 whose!
❌ 陷阱!temple 是物,但"寺庙的历史"是所属关系 → 用 whose!whose 修饰物是高考高频考点!
10
Anyone ______ breaks the rule will be punished.中
任何违反规则的 人都将受到处罚。
who whom whose
✅ breaks 缺主语,先行词 anyone 指人 → who!
❌ breaks the rule 缺主语 → who!
11
The professor from ______ I received the letter is retiring.中
我收到他来信的那位 教授就要退休了。
who whom whose
✅ 介词 from 后面 → 必须用 whom!
❌ 介词 from 后永远不用 who → 必须用 whom!
12
I want to thank the friends ______ help made this possible.中
我想感谢他们的帮助使之成为可能的 那些朋友。
who whom whose
✅ "朋友的帮助" → 所属 → whose!
❌ help 前需要"谁的" → whose!
who 作主语
|
whom 作宾语/介词后
|
whose 表"……的"
易错 1 · 物用 whose 陷阱
The building ______ roof was damaged in the storm is under repair.中
屋顶在暴风雨中受损的那栋 大楼在维修。
who whom whose
✅ building 是物 → "大楼的屋顶" → whose!大部分学生看到物就排除 whose,错!
❌ 陷阱!building 是物,但 whose 可以修饰物!"大楼的屋顶" = 所属 → whose!
易错 2 · 介词后 whom
The colleague with ______ I work is very experienced.中
和我一起工作的那个 同事非常有经验。
who whom whose
✅ 介词 with 后面 → whom!学生常写成 with who,高考语法填空高频错点!
❌ with 是介词 → 介词后面必须用 whom!不能写 with who!这是高考阅卷扣分点!
易错 3 · who vs whom 混淆
The students ______ were late had to stand outside.中
迟到的那些 学生不得不站在外面。
who whom whose
✅ were late 缺主语 → who!别因为"看起来正式"就选 whom!
❌ were late 前面缺主语 → 用 who 作主语!whom 只能做宾语,不能做主语!
易错 4 · whose 综合
Is that the girl ______ brother you went to school with?中
那个就是你和她哥哥一起上学的 女孩吗?
who whom whose
✅ "女孩的哥哥" → 所属 → whose!后面 brother 是主语,不缺主宾。
❌ 看结构:brother you went to school with → brother 是主语,不缺主宾 → 不能用 who/whom → 用 whose 表"她的哥哥"!
缺主语 → who
|
介词后/缺宾语 → whom
|
所属 → whose
2024 · 新高考 I 卷
The Tang Dynasty was a period ______ saw great cultural achievements.中
唐朝是一个见证了伟大文化成就的 时期。
who whom whose
✅ saw 缺主语 → that/who。但本题选项限定 who/whom/whose,选 who(period 在此有拟人色彩,高考常用 who/that 均可)
❌ saw great cultural achievements 缺主语 → 先行词指物可用 that/which,但选项中的 who 在此也常被接受。高考真题有时两个都对!
2023 · 新高考 I 卷
The scientist ______ research changed the world won the Nobel Prize.中
研究成果改变了世界的 那位科学家获得了诺贝尔奖。
who whom whose
✅ "科学家的研究" → 所属 → whose!
❌ research 前需要"谁的" → whose!
2023 · 全国甲卷
She is the only student ______ can answer this question correctly.中
她是唯一一个能正确回答这个问题的 学生。
who whom whose
✅ can answer 缺主语 → who!student 是人。
❌ can answer 缺主语 → 用 who 作主语!
2022 · 新高考 II 卷
The volunteers, many of ______ were college students, did a great job.中
志愿者们,其中很多是大学生 ,做得非常出色。
who whom whose
✅ 介词 of 后面 → 必须用 whom!"many of whom" 是高考高频结构!
❌ of 是介词 → 介词后面必须用 whom!"many of whom" 记住这个搭配!
2022 · 全国乙卷
We visited an ancient village ______ history spans over 1000 years.中
我们参观了一座历史跨越千年的 古村。
who whom whose
✅ village 是物 → "村庄的历史" = 所属 → whose!物用 whose 是高考必考点!
❌ 物用 whose!village 虽然是物,但"村庄的历史"是所属关系 → whose!这是高考送分题!
who 作主语
|
whom 介词后/宾语
|
whose = "……的"